About Red Blood Cell (Urine)
Urine microscopy showing more than 3 red blood cells per high-power field (hpf) confirms microscopic haematuria, prompting investigation into the source. Dysmorphic red cells or red cell casts indicate the bleeding originates within the kidney glomeruli (glomerulonephritis); normal-shaped red cells suggest lower urinary tract sources like a kidney stone, bladder infection, or tumour. Any persistent unexplained microscopic haematuria in an adult over 40 is considered urological until proven otherwise.