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PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) is a protease produced exclusively by prostate tissue. It is the primary screening biomarker for prostate cancer, though benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and recent ejaculation also elevate PSA. PSA velocity and free-to-total ratio are more informative than a single value for distinguishing cancer from benign causes.
Also known as: Antígeno prostático específico, Prostata-spezifisches Antigen, Prostate Specific Antigen, Prostate-Specific Antigen, PSA, PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen), PSA (Total), PSA Screening
High PSA raises concern for prostate cancer but is more commonly caused by BPH, prostatitis, or recent prostate manipulation. Low PSA is generally reassuring.
Standard cutoff is 4.0 ng/mL. Functional practitioners prefer below 1.0 ng/mL. PSA velocity above 0.75 ng/mL per year is a red flag regardless of absolute level.