About Specific Gravity (Urine)
Specific gravity measures how concentrated the urine is by comparing its density to pure water, providing a practical and immediate gauge of hydration status. Values between 1.001 and 1.030 are normal — closer to 1.001 indicates very dilute, well-hydrated urine; closer to 1.030 indicates concentrated, dehydrated urine. Persistently fixed specific gravity (always around 1.010 regardless of hydration) is a sign of impaired kidney concentrating ability, an early feature of chronic kidney disease.